Nature Environment and Pollution Technology

Meetu Sinha ¹, D. N. Sadhu ¹

Affiliations
1 Deptt. of Zoology, Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribagh, Jharkhand, IN

Abstract

Sound, a necessity of our daily life, when becomes noise, disturbs our health and routine. All major international health Organizations consider sound pollution as an important health problem. In this study, an animal model has been used to study the effects of noise (harsh and loud sound) exposure on is haematological composition. Twelve rats of about 200g by weight (6 male + 6 female) were randomized into two groups of test and control. Animals in the test group were exposed to a 90dB of noise for 90 days, while animals in the control group were kept in normal condition. By the end of the study, blood sample was taken from each animal in both the groups and a complete blood count was performed. In animals of the test group as compared to those in the control, there was significant increase in the number of red blood cells, white blood cells and haemoglobin content. It can be concluded that noise exposure affects blood haematological parameters.

Keywords

Noise, Animal Model, Rat, Haematologic Parameters.

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Qaisur Rahman ¹, D. N. Sadhu ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, St. Columba's College, Hazaribag-825 301, Jharkhand, IN

Abstract

Usually behaviour and physiology of organisms are rhythmic in nature. The biological rhythm in oxygen consumption in air breathing fishes is interesting. The circadian rhythm has now become an inherent property of the system which they transmit even under artificial conditions of the laboratory. An attempt has been made to study the effect of circadian rhythm on aquatic and aerial oxygen consumption in freshwater teleost, Channa gachua. The maximum oxygen uptake from aquatic route was recorded in the early morning with moderately higher at noon and evening i.e., 54.74, 52.8, and 50.76 mL/kg/hr respectively. The highest rate of oxygen consumption from aerial route was observed in the morning, and noted as 85.61, 60.27 and 51.78 mL/kg/hr at noon and during evening period. Minimum oxygen uptake was recorded at mid night as 40.20 mL/kg/hr. The total oxygen consumption i.e., 140.35, 112.06 and 101.68 mL/kg/hr were recorded in the morning, afternoon and evening respectively. However, the minimum value of 85.54 mL/kg/hr was noted at mid night. It was found that percentage of aerial oxygen uptake in the morning, midday, evening and midnight was 60.985%, 53.41%, 52.92% and 46.9%. Circadian rhythm of the oxygen consumption has been correlated with diurnal fluctuation of metabolism of the ecosystem. The details have been discussed in this paper.

Keywords

Circadian Rhythm, Oxygen Consumption, Channa gachua.

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Qaisur Rahman ¹, D. N. Sadhu ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, St. Columba’s College, Hazaribag-825 301, Jharkhand, IN

Abstract

The present paper deals with the effect of three pesticides namely Metacid-50 (Organophosphate), Dithane M-45 (Carbamate) and Kelthane (Organochlorine) on changes in dual mode of oxygen consumption of an air breathing murrel fish, Channa gachua. The mean values of aquatic, aerial and total oxygen uptake of control group of fish (40.0 ± 1.5g) were recorded as 52.44, 61.56 and 114.0 mL/kg/h respectively. This group of fish obtained 46% and 54% oxygen respectively from aquatic and aerial route. Exposure of fish to the pesticides brought significant decrease in aquatic as well as total oxygen uptake, while it increases in oxygen consumption through aerial route as compared to control. It is due to action of pesticides on acetylcholinesterase enzyme, respiratory muscles paralysis and respiratory failure causing finally death.

Keywords

Pesticides, Dual Mode O₂ Uptake, Air Breathing Fish, Channa gachua.

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Sanjay Kumar Raju ¹, D. N. Sadhu ¹, Md. Noor Alam ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, St. Columba’s College, Hazaribag, Jharkhand, IN
2 Department of Zoology, Giridih College, Giridih-815 301, Jharkhand, IN

Abstract

The present research work is oriented to find out toxic effects of an organophosphate insecticide, parathion on a freshwater fish, Channa gachua. By following standard procedures for toxicity determination, it was found that 34.0, 33.0, 32.0 and 31.0 ppm of the parathion formed 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 hours LC₅₀ doses, whereas LC₀ and LC₁₀₀ doses were 21.0 and 35.0 ppm respectively showing toxic nature of the insecticide.

Keywords

Parathion, Toxicity, Channa gachua, LC₅₀.

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S. Marandi ¹, D. N. Sadhu ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, K. B. Women’s College, Hazaribag-825 301, Jharkhand, IN
2 Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, St. Columba’s College, Hazaribag-825 301, Jharkhand, IN

Abstract

The toxic effect produced by pesticide, Monocil to hill-stream fish, Lepidocephalichthys guntea (Ham.) and its behavioural responses were studied. The experiment was designed to evaluate the toxicity of Monocil for 96 hours including non-lethal, sublethal (LC₅₀ 96 hrs) and lethal (LC₅₀ 96 hrs) concentrations. The mortality rate of the test fish was recorded at intervals of 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours. It was recorded that 22 ppm and 25 ppm were LC₅₀ 96 hrs and LC₁₀₀ 96 hours doses respectively. The major behavioural changes were prominent at sublethal (22 ppm) and higher doses while no apparent effect was observed at non-lethal (16ppm) dose. The prominent toxic effects of the pesticide were respiratory distress, paralysis, loss of equilibrium and finally death.

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K. Roy ¹, Md. Noor Alam ², D. N. Sadhu ³

Affiliations
1 P.G. Dept. of Zoology, Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribag, Jharkhand, IN
2 Dept. of Zoology, Giridih College, Giridih-815301, Jharkhand, IN
3 Dept. of Zoology, St. Columba’s College, Hazaribag, Jharkhand, IN

Abstract

In the present study, effects of coal dust and suspended particulate matter, present in the polluted air, on peripheral human blood, especially TLC and DLC, have been studied. It has been found that the people living in the coal field area of Katras-Dhanbad have suffered a lot in respect to variations in their TLC and DLC, and other diseases.

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